|
General
|
Brackish
water sources include groundwater (wells) and surface water (rivers
& lakes). Brackish Water normally has a Total Dissolved Solids
( TDS) content of less than 10,000 ppm. Thanks to the latest advancements in membrane technology, selective
separation of specific impurities and ionic contaminants in Brackish Water has become
possible. Membrane pore size determines the level of
rejection of any contaminant, and specifies the type of membrane that would
be utilized to achieve the desired level of separation (high rejection, high flux,
softening, nano-filters, ultra- filters, micro-filters, etc.)
Simple or Hybrid Integrated Systems including Reverse Osmosis (RO),
Nanofiltration (NF), Ultrafiltration (UF) or Microfiltration (MF)
process can be employed to effectively treat Brackish Water. Higher rejection and higher flux
membranes, now available in the
market, allow increased system recoveries and improved permeate quality at lower
applied pressures, resulting in lower capital and operating costs.
|
|
|
Brackish Water
Treatment Plants
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Description |
|
Type |
Integrated
Brackish Water RO
Systems (BWRO) |
|
Usage |
Brackish
Water Treatment and Purification |
|
Applications |
Drinking,
Farming, Process, Industrial |
|
Equipment |
The
integrated system can be single or multiple-train. Typical integrated
BWRO system
consists of Three main sections or subsystems; common Pretreatment,
Main Treatment consisting of single or multiple-train RO, NF or UF
subsystem, and a common
Post Treatment. |
|
Capacity |
Varies,
depending on custom requirements and application. Typical
Integrated BWRO Train capacities are as follows: |
|
Permeate Flow
1000 - 4,000 m3/day
(184 - 734 gpm) |
Operating Pressure
10 - 41 Barg
(150 - 600 psig) |
|
|
Features |
|
Pretreatment |
Customized
to condition raw feed water for membrane treatment. Typically
consists of Chemical Treatment, Media (if required) and Micron Filtration |
|
Main
Treatment |
Membrane
Separation Systems using high or standard rejection RO membrane
elements, Softening NF membranes, UF membranes or MF elements |
|
Post
Treatment |
Customized,
for conditioning of the Main Treatment effluent (permeate). Typically consists of,
Degasification, Chemical
Treatment and Sterilization |
|
Instruments |
Locally
mounted primary
elements. Monitoring and Control Instruments are mounted on the Main Control Panel (MCP) |
|
Controls |
PLC
controlling the entire plant sections. Typically located inside
the MCP |
|
|
Advantages |
|
Design |
1.
Simple and reliable
2. High quality components
3. Material selection for excellent corrosion resistance
4. Compact, small equipment footprint
5. Conservatively designed for consistent, trouble free
operation |
|
Operation |
1.
Reliable, efficient and easy operation requiring little operator
attendance
2. Automatically controlled by micro processor based control
system
3. Variable control valves to allow flow adjustment for
changing conditions
4. Slow start operation for membrane elements protection
5. Safety interlocks with "Fail Safe" operation
for extra system protection
6. All pumps are protected against running dry
7. Lower capital and operating cost |
|
Performance |
Product
water TDS content of less than 500 mg/l per WHO standards.
Specific ion rejection is dependant on selected membrane elements |
|
|
Components |
|
Pretreatment |
1. Chemical Treatment: Typically includes Disinfectant, Coagulant,
Coagulant Aid, Antiscalant and/ or Acid injection systems.
2. Media Filtration: Multi-media filters, FRP or CS housing, epoxy or rubber
lined
3. Micron Filtration: 5 micron Cartridge filters in
FRP or 316SS Housing |
|
Main
Treatment
(RO, NF, UF, MF Train) |
RO Medium
Pressure Pump (MPP) Single or Multistage Centrifugal. Discharge
pressure 150-700 psig |
|
1. Membrane
Elements: CA or TFC High or Std. Rejection/ Flux, Softening, etc.,
8" x 40" (D x L)
2. Pressure Vessel Assemblies: FRP rated for 150-600 psig,
housing the membrane elements
3. Support structure Structure: FRP or CS epoxy painted or
powder coated, supporting the pressure vessel assemblies
|
|
Post
Treatment |
1. Chemical Systems: Alkali, Corrosion Inhibitor injection
2. Degasifiers: Forced Draft with single or dual air blowers |
|
Piping |
1. Train mounted High Pressure
piping: Fabricated of Sch 40, Sch 10 -316L
SS or Sch 80 PVC
2. Train mounted Low Pressure piping: Fabricated of Sch 10 -316L
SS or Sch 80 PVC
3. Interconnecting piping: Fabricated of FRP, Sch 80 PVC or
CPVC |
|
Valves |
1. Control Valves:
Modulating, with
Pneumatic or Electrical Actuator
2. Auto Isolation Valves: Pneumatic or Electrical operator w/ Auto On-Off
control
3. Manual Valves: SS or Plastic, as required |
|
Instruments |
Provided for
continuous monitoring and control of Flow, Pressure, Temperature,
Level and Analytical parameters, such as pH, Conductivity, ORP,
Turbidity, etc. |
|
Controls |
Automatic
control via Programmable
Logic Controller (PLC), mounted inside the Main Control Panel (MCP) |
|
Electrical |
Motor
Control Center (MCC), including motor starters and controls; Local
Starter Panels and Junction Boxes; Miscellaneous hardware |
|
Options |
1.
Adjustable Frequency Drive (AFD) for the Medium Pressure Pump (MPP)
2. Data Acquisition and Monitoring System (DAQM) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
